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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Medical students demonstrate higher rates of substance use than other university students and the general population. The challenges imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raised significant concerns about mental health and substance use. OBJECTIVES: Assess the current prevalence of substance use among medical students at the University of São Paulo and evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on drug consumption. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 275 medical students from the University of São Paulo Medical School (São Paulo, Brazil) in August 2020. METHODS: Substance use (lifetime, previous 12 months, and frequency of use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic) and socioeconomic data were assessed using an online self-administered questionnaire. Symptoms of depression were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. RESULTS: Alcohol was the most consumed substance in their lifetime (95.6%), followed by illicit drugs (61.1%), marijuana (60%), and tobacco (57.5%). The most commonly consumed substances in the previous year were alcohol (82.9%), illicit drugs (44.7%), marijuana (42.5%), and tobacco (36%). Students in the first two academic years consumed fewer substances than those from higher years. There was a decreasing trend in the prevalence of most substances used after the COVID-19 pandemic among sporadic users. However, frequent users maintained their drug use patterns. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of substance use was high in this population and increased from the basic to the clinical cycle. The COVID-19 pandemic may have affected the frequency of drug use and prevalence estimates.
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(analítico) Los universitarios atraviesan una etapa evolutiva que los sitúa como una población propensa a presentar alteraciones de salud mental, afectando su calidad de vida general. Este trabajo analiza la relación entre salud mental, autoestima y satisfacción vital en estudiantes de una universidad del sur de Chile. Los 452 participantes, hombres y mujeres entre 18 y 24 años de distintas carreras de la universidad, respondieron cuatro instrumentos: cuestionario sociodemográfico, escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés, escala de satisfacción con la vida y escala de autoestima. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes que puntuaron más alto en problemas de salud mental presentaban menor satisfacción con la vida y menor autoestima. Así mismo, se encontró que las mujeres presentan mayor prevalencia en problemas de salud mental que los hombres.
(analytical) University students experience an evolutionary stage that positions them as a population prone to mental health disorders, which affects their general quality of life. This paper analyzes the relationship between mental health, self-esteem and life satisfaction among students at a university in sout-hern Chile. The 452 participants, males and females aged between 18 and 24 studying different university degrees, answered 4 different questionnaires: Sociodemographic Questionnaire; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; Life Satisfaction Scale; and Self-esteem Scale. The results showed that students who scored higher regarding mental health problems had lower life satisfaction and lower self-esteem scores. It was also identified that female students have a higher prevalence of mental health problems compared to male students.
(analítico) Os estudantes universitários passam por um estágio evolutivo que os coloca como uma população propensa a transtornos de saúde mental, afetando sua qualidade de vida geral. Este artigo analisa a relação entre saúde mental, autoestima e satisfação com a vida em estudantes de uma universidade no sul do Chile. 452 participantes, homens e mulheres entre 18 e 24 anos de diferentes carreiras universitárias, respondeu a 4 instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse, Escala de Satisfação com a Vida e Escala de Autoestima. Os resultados mostraram que os alunos que pontuaram mais em problemas de saúde mental apresentaram menor satisfação com a vida e menor autoestima. Assim, verificou-se também que as mulheres apresentam maior prevalência de problemas de saúde mental do que os homens.
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Resumen El consumo se ha instaurado en las sociedades posmodernas como un medio regulador de las relaciones sociales. En este contexto, la compra compulsiva se establece como patológica y genera un malestar psicológico significativo en las personas, al punto de deteriorar el funcionamiento social y profesional. A esto se suman graves problemas económicos como producto del endeudamiento. Bajo este escenario, los jóvenes son particularmente sensibles, ya que con el consumo acceden a objetos simbólicos que forman parte de su construcción de identidad. Una dimensión relacionada con la compra compulsiva y el acceso al consumo bajo elementos simbólicos es la discrepancia del yo, la cual establece la distancia entre quién soy y quién me gustaría ser de acuerdo a patrones sociales que motivan el consumo como extensión del sujeto y materialización de la propia identidad. En base a lo anterior, la presente investigación tiene por objetivo determinar el efecto de la discrepancia del yo sobre las actitudes hacia la compra compulsiva en estudiantes universitarios chilenos. A través de una regresión lineal múltiple se aprecia que la discrepancia del yo físico (belleza), económico y el sexo son predictores significativos de la compra compulsiva. De igual manera, se observa que las mujeres son un grupo con mayores puntuaciones en cuanto a las compras compulsivas que los hombres, las cuales pueden verse mayormente afectadas por el contexto, y las campañas de marketing pueden influir en una mayor brecha entre el yo real y el yo ideal.
Abstract Consumption has been established in postmodern societies as a means of regulating social relations. In this context, compulsive buying could be established as pathological, creating significant psychological discomfort in people, to the point of impairing social and professional functioning, coupled with serious economic problems resulting from indebtedness. Along the same lines, in the construction of a social identity and a socially shared reality, consumption patterns arise that are linked to what the public should be and what they want to be. Therefore, while compulsive buying has been conceptualized for decades, it is a substantial threat to psychological and financial well-being. Few studies have explored the link between self-discrepancy and compulsive buying within an identity construction context. In this scenario, it is young people who become particularly sensitive, since with consumption they access symbolic objects that are part of their identity construction and a dimension related to compulsive buying. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that access to the consumption of symbolic elements is self-discrepancy. That is why this research aims at determining the effect of the self-discrepancy on attitudes towards compulsive buying in Chilean university students. The study uses a quantitative, correlational, and non-experimental cross-sectional design. Study sample was comprised of 1 229 Chilean university students, who responded to the scale of attitudes towards consumption, the self-discrepancy scale, and answered questions for sociodemographic characterization including: gender (male/female), age, geographical area of residence (rural/urban), people with whom they live, and whether they have any bank credit cards. Prior to data collection, a letter was sent to Faculty Deans and Program Directors of all the universities associated with the Council of Rectors of Chile; these letters described the aims of the study, and requested information and authorization for the distribution of the instrument previously described. It is important to indicate that, after this, a random sampling process was initiated, after which each participant was contacted, so that they could sign an informed consent form, thus ensuring the anonymity ethical guidelines of the study. The data was processed through SPSS version 22 software, looking for the presence of univariate and multivariate outliers through Z-scores and Mahalanobis distance. A descriptive analysis of the variables was then carried out based on the dispersion, central trend and shape measurements. Subsequently, the data was analysed through bivariate statistics through Pearson correlations, to indicate into empirical relationships between compulsive purchase as a dependent variable and sociodemographic variables (sex and bank credit card holding) and the dimensions associated with the self-discrepancy (intellectual, physical, physical beauty, personal, social, emotional and economic) as independent variables. Once the behaviour of the variables was observed, a hierarchical multiple linear regression was performed. Regarding the results of this research, multiple linear regression shows that physical self-discrepancy (beauty), economic self-discrepancy and gender are significant predictors of compulsive buying. Similarly, it is noted that women are a group with higher scores in terms of compulsive purchases than men, which may be mostly affected by the context, where marketing campaigns can influence a greater gap between the real self and the ideal self.
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Resumo Com a instauração da política de cotas, ocorreram profundas transformações no perfil dos estudantes das universidades públicas brasileiras. Essa nova composição do corpo discente, com maior representatividade de minorias e/ou estudantes de baixa renda, traz consigo novas demandas relacionadas à saúde mental do estudante. Apesar disso, ainda são escassas as pesquisas que investiguem esse contexto específico. Este estudo visa comparar a saúde mental de estudantes cotistas e não cotistas, avaliando diferenças nas prevalências de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse entre os dois grupos. Participaram da pesquisa 6.103 estudantes de graduação de uma universidade pública federal, dos quais 2.983 (48,88%) cotistas e 3.120 (51,12%) não cotistas. O levantamento de dados foi feito por meio de questionário on-line contendo questionário sociodemográfico e de hábitos de vida, e pelo Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, na sua versão reduzida de 21 itens (DASS-21), utilizada para avaliar sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Os resultados indicaram que os estudantes cotistas apresentaram maiores prevalências de sintomas de depressão e ansiedade quando comparados aos não cotistas. As áreas de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, e os Bacharelados Interdisciplinares apresentaram maiores diferenças entre os dois grupos em relação a esses problemas em saúde mental. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de que as universidades estejam atentas às novas demandas em saúde mental dos estudantes e que estas sejam contempladas nas políticas de atenção à saúde estudantil.
Abstract With the introduction of the quota policy, profound changes took place in the profile of students in Brazilian public universities. This new composition of the student body, with greater representation of minorities and/or low-income students, brings new demands related to student mental health. Despite this, there are still few studies investigating this specific context. This study aims to compare the mental health of quota and non-quota students, evaluating differences in the prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress between the two groups. A total of 6,103 undergraduate students from a federal public university participated in the research, of which 2,983 (48.88%) were quota students and 3,120 (51.12%) were nonquota students. Data collection was carried out via an online questionnaire containing a sociodemographic and lifestyle questionnaire, and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, in its reduced version of 21 items (DASS-21) was used to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. The results indicated that quota students had higher prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety when compared to non-quota students. The areas of Exact and Earth Sciences and Interdisciplinary Bachelors were the ones that showed the greatest differences between the two groups in relation to these mental health problems. The results point to the need for universities to be attentive to the new demands in mental health of students and for these to be included in student health care policies.
Resumen Con la introducción de la política de cuotas, se produjeron cambios profundos en el perfil de los estudiantes de las universidades públicas brasileñas. Esta nueva composición del alumnado, con mayor representación de minorías y/o estudiantes de escasos recursos, trae consigo nuevas demandas relacionadas con la salud mental del alumno. Pero todavía existen pocas investigaciones sobre el contexto específico. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar la salud mental de los estudiantes beneficiarios de las políticas de cuotas y los no beneficiarios, y evaluar las diferencias en la prevalencia de síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés entre los dos grupos. En la investigación participaron un total de 6.103 estudiantes de grado de una universidad pública federal, de los cuales 2.983 (48,88%) son estudiantes beneficiarios y 3.120 (51,12%) son estudiantes no beneficiarios. Los datos se recolectaron de un formulario en línea, que estaba compuesto por un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de hábitos de vida, y por la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés, en su versión reducida de 21 ítems (DASS-21), utilizada para evaluar síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Los resultados destacaron que los estudiantes beneficiarios de las políticas de cuotas tenían una mayor prevalencia de síntomas de depresión y ansiedad en comparación con los estudiantes no beneficiarios. Las áreas de Ciencias Exactas y de la Tierra y Licenciaturas Interdisciplinarias presentaron las mayores diferencias entre los dos grupos con relación a estos problemas en salud mental. Los resultados apuntan a la necesidad de que las universidades sean conscientes de las nuevas demandas sobre la salud mental de los estudiantes y de que estas se incluyan en las políticas de atención de la salud estudiantil.
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Abstract We sought to investigate the mental health profile of university students and possible individual aspects, life habits and associated academic experiences. 844 students were included, predominantly female with a mean age of 22.57 years, who answered a socioeconomic and life habits questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Cluster and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed. Three profiles were identified: students with good, moderate and poor mental health. Married or single students, from exact sciences, who studied in a public university and did not work, with low alcohol consumption were more likely to have a good mental health. Understanding the association of life habits and academic experiences with different profiles is relevant to develop interventional strategies with this public.
Resumo Buscou-se investigar os perfis de saúde mental de universitários e possíveis aspectos individuais, hábitos de vida e vivências acadêmicas associados. Participaram 844 estudantes, com predominância feminina e idade média de 22,57 anos, que responderam a Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale e questionário socioeconômico e de hábitos de vida. Foram feitas análises de cluster e de regressão logística multinomial. Foram identificados 3 perfis: universitários com saúde mental prejudicada, mediana e boa. Estudantes solteiros ou casados, que não trabalhavam e cursavam universidade pública, curso de exatas e bebiam menos tiveram maiores chances de integrar o perfil com boa saúde mental. Compreender os hábitos de vida e vivências acadêmicas associados aos diferentes perfis é relevante para desenvolver estratégias interventivas com este público.
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Objective@#To investigate the impact of physical self-efficacy on physical activity and physical health among university students, so as to provide insights into formulation of the strategy to improve physical activity and physical health among university students.@*Methods@#Freshmen and sophomores were sampled from a university in Guangzhou City using a convenience sampling method from December 2021 to April 2022. Students' demographics and types of sport exercises were collected using questionnaire surveys. Physical self-efficacy was tested using the Physical Self-efficacy Scale, and physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short, while physical health was evaluated using the school physical health standard test. The associations of physical self-efficacy with physical activity and physical health were examined using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#Totally 4 171 questionnaires were allocated, and 3 811 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a effective recovery rate of 91.37%. The respondents included 1 582 males (41.51%) and 2 229 females (58.49%), and included 1 967 freshmen (51.61%) and 1 844 sophomores (48.39%). The median score of physical self-efficacy was 36 (interquartile range, 7) points, and there were 1 777 students reaching the national standard of physical activity (46.63%) and 1 112 students with excellent and good physical health (29.18%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that physical self-efficacy was a promoting factor for the proportion of reaching the national standard of physical activity (OR=1.054, 95%CI: 1.043-1.064) and excellent and good physical health (OR=1.109, 95%CI: 1.096-1.122) after adjustment for gender, grade, specialty and source of students. @*Conclusion@#The improvement of physical self-efficacy may increase the proportion of reaching the national standard of physical activity and excellent and good physical health among university students.
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Dealing with difficult social relationships can interfere with coexistence and cooperation, affecting relationships between university students. The present study aims to test a version and at conducting a confirmatory analysis of the Coping Scale for Difficult Socio-Academic Situations and the testing a short version of this scale. The sample consisted of 601 university students from different periods and courses, aged between 18 and 57 years (M = 26.2 years; SD = 7.2), most of them female (66.1%). All participants responded to the Coping Scale for Difficult Socio-Academic Situations on the spot. For confirmatory factor analysis we used the Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation method. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a three-dimensional structure (10 items): Focus powerful others; Focus on the problem and Focus on emotion. The discussion addresses the relevance of a reduced scale and also discusses the structure, in view of its contribution to facing the different obstacles of academic life. Future studies may relate coping to other phenomena in the university context and to sociodemographic data.
Lidar com relações sociais difíceis pode interferir na coexistência e cooperação, afetando as relações entre universitários. O presente estudo teve como objetivo testar uma versão reduzida e realizar uma análise confirmatória da Escala de Coping para Situações Sócio-Acadêmicas Difíceis. A amostra foi composta por 601 estudantes universitários de diferentes períodos e cursos, com idades entre 18 e 57 anos (M=26,2 anos; DP=7,2), a maioria mulheres (66,1%). Os participantes responderam à referida escala no local. Para a análise fatorial confirmatória, usamos o método de estimativa Maximum Likelihood (ML) e os resultados indiccaram uma estrutura tridimensional (10 itens): Foco em outros poderosos; foco no problema e foco na emoção. A discussão aborda a relevância de uma escala reduzida e também debate a estrutura, tendo em vista sua contribuição para o enfrentamento dos distintos obstáculos da vida acadêmica. Estudos futuros poderão relacionar o enfrentamento a outros fenômenos no contexto universitário e a dados sociodemográficos.
Lidiar con relaciones sociales difíciles puede interferir en la convivencia y la cooperación, afectando las relaciones entre universitarios. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis confirmatorio de la Escala de Afrontamiento de Situaciones Socio-Académicas Difíciles y prueba de versión reducida de esta escala. La muestra estuvo formada por 601 estudiantes universitarios de diferentes períodos y cursos, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 57 años (M = 26,2 años; DT = 7,2), la mayoría mujeres (66,1%). Todos los participantes respondieron en el acto a la Escala de Afrontamiento para Situaciones Socio-Académicas Difíciles. Para el análisis factorial confirmatorio utilizamos el método de estimación Maximum Likelihood (ML). El análisis factorial confirmatorio indicó una estructura tridimensional (10 ítems): Enfoca a otros poderosos; Concéntrese en el problema y centrarse en la emoción. Lidiar con relaciones sociales difíciles puede interferir en la convivencia y la cooperación, afectando las relaciones entre universitários. Los estudios futuros pueden relacionar el afrontamiento con otros fenómenos del contexto universitario y con datos sociodemográficos.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Data AnalysisABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: el compromiso académico hace referencia a la predisposición que los estudiantes tienen a participar de manera activa en la vida universitaria, asistiendo a las clases, entregando los trabajos a tiempo y siguiendo las instrucciones de los docentes. Existe evidencia que demuestra que el compromiso académico predice positivamente el éxito de los estudiantes. Por esta razón, es que su evaluación cobra gran relevancia para el ámbito educativo universitario a la hora de diseñar prácticas pedagógicas que estimulen el compromiso de los alumnos. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue adaptar y validar la versión del University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) al español, contemplando diferencias lingüísticas y culturales de tres países hispanohablantes. Método: participaron 921 estudiantes universitarios de España, Argentina y Uruguay. Se aplicó el USEI que consta de 15 afirmaciones agrupadas en tres dimensiones de compromiso: conductual, cognitivo, emocional. Resultados: después de que tres traductores realizaran la adaptación lingüística del instrumento, nueve jueces expertos analizaron el contenido de los ítems y conservaron como resultado la totalidad de los reactivos. Más adelante, se analizó y verificó la estructura interna del instrumento -análisis factorial confirmatorio, validación cruzada, invarianza factorial, consistencia interna-, y también se obtuvo adecuada evidencia de validez externa concurrente entre las dimensiones del USEI y los enfoques de aprendizaje. Conclusión: se obtuvo una versión en español del USEI con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas que puede ser empleado en el ámbito de aplicación con el propósito de identificar el compromiso académico de los estudiantes y proponer acciones orientadas a mejorar sus aprendizajes.
Abstract Introduction: Academic engagement refers to the predisposition that students must actively participate in university life, attending classes, turning in work on time, and following teachers' instructions. There is evidence that shows that academic engagement positively predicts student success. For this reason, its evaluation is of great relevance for university education when designing pedagogical practices that stimulate student engagement. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) into Spanish, considering linguistic and cultural differences in three Spanish-speaking countries. Methods: 921 university students from Spain, Argentina and Uruguay participated in the study. The USEI, which consists of 15 statements grouped into three dimensions of engagement -behavioral, cognitive, emotional- was administered. Results: After three translators made the linguistic adaptation of the instrument, nine expert judges analyzed the content of the items, retaining as a result the totality of the items. Subsequently, the internal structure of the instrument was analyzed and verified -confirmatory factor analysis, cross-validation, factorial invariance, internal consistency-. Adequate evidence of concurrent external validity between USEI dimensions and learning approaches was also obtained. Conclusion: A Spanish version of the USEI was obtained with adequate psychometric properties that can be used in the field of application with the purpose of identifying students' academic engagement and proposing actions aimed at improving their learnings.
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Este artigo consiste em uma revisão de escopo que objetivou investigar os fatores de risco acadêmicos associados a ideação e tentativas de suicídio em estudantes universitários. Foram recuperados inicialmente 1901 estudos em setembro de 2020 em seis bases de dados (Pubmed, BVS, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Science Direct e Scopus). Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram 10 estudos para análise. Os principais resultados sugerem a existência de três fatores de risco acadêmicos associados a ideação e tentativas de suicídio: 1) relacionamento social com pares; 2) relacionamento social com professores ou orientador; e 3) adaptação ao ambiente acadêmico. Observou-se que em ambientes universitários os estudantes são vulneráveis a experiências de estresse e frustração relacionadas com a falta de adaptação à nova rotina acadêmica. Além disso, a dinâmica de interação com os pares, professores ou orientadores pode gerar situações de sofrimento ou desconforto emocional, contribuindo para o surgimento de ideação e tentativas de suicídio. Conclui-se que as universidades devem proporcionar espaços de adaptação aos novos estudantes (e.g. centros de acolhimento e orientação psicológica, encontros de convivência social e cultural) e incentivar os professores e orientadores à postura acolhedora.
This article is a scoping review that aimed to investigate the academic risk factors associated with suicidal ideation and behavior in university students. 1901 studies were initially retrieved in September 2020 in six databases (Pubmed, BVS, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus). After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 studies remained for analysis. The main findings suggest the existence of three academic risk factors associated with suicide ideation and attempt: 1) social relationship with peers; 2) social relationship with teachers or advisor; and 3) adaptation to the academic environment. It was observed that in university environments students are vulnerable to experiences of stress and frustration related to the lack of adaptation to the new academic routine. In addition, the dynamics of interaction with peers, teachers or advisors can generate situations of suffering or emotional discomfort contributing to the emergence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. It is concluded that universities should provide spaces for adaptation to new students (e.g. reception centers and psychological counseling, social and cultural meetings) and encourage the welcoming attitude of teachers and advisors.
Este artículo consiste en una revisión de alcance que tuvo como objetivo investigar los factores de riesgo académico asociados a la ideación y conducta suicida en estudiantes universitarios. Inicialmente fueron recuperados 1901 estudios en septiembre de 2020 en seis bases de datos (Pubmed, BVS, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Science Direct y Scopus). Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, quedaron 10 estudios para análisis. Los principales resultados sugieren la existencia de tres factores de riesgo académico asociados a la ideación e intento de suicidio: 1) relación social con los compañeros; 2) relación social con profesores o asesores; y 3) adaptación al entorno académico. Se observó que en entornos universitarios los estudiantes son vulnerables a experiencias de estrés y frustración relacionadas con la falta de adaptación a la nueva rutina académica. Además, la dinámica de interacción con compañeros, profesores o asesores puede generar situaciones de sufrimiento o malestar emocional contribuyendo a la aparición de ideación y intento de suicidio. Se concluye que las universidades deben brindar espacios de adaptación a los nuevos estudiantes (por ejemplo, centros de acogida y asesoramiento psicológico, encuentros sociales y culturales) y fomentar la actitud acogedora de profesores y asesores.
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Students , Universities , Risk Factors , Suicidal Ideation , Stress, Psychological , Suicide/prevention & control , Academic FailureABSTRACT
Relato de experiência acadêmica de três estagiários de graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) no atendimento psicológico para estudantes da universidade. O objetivo é destacar as principais questões de sofrimento psíquico relatadas pelos estudantes atendidos e elucidar a importância da escuta clínica no campo acadêmico. Analisaram-se os aspectos recorrentes emergidos durante os atendimentos e presentes na discussão dos casos durante as supervisões com a professora orientadora. Do total de 24 estudantes atendidos, as principais queixas sintomatológicas dos participantes foram crises de ansiedade, sintomas de depressão e de ideação suicida. Buscou-se realizar um paralelo entre as dificuldades acadêmicas e emocionais com a implicação subjetiva dos estudantes na instituição UFRJ. Além disso, a questão do suicídio também foi destacada como o maior desafio clínico pelos estagiários nos atendimentos. Ao final verificou-se a importância do atendimento psicológico para os estudantes dentro do espaço acadêmico, pois esse lugar também de escuta é uma forma de acolhimento integral do estudante.
Report of academic experience from a team of graduate students in Psychology at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) providing psychological assistance to other students at this university. The objective is to highlight the main issues of psychological suffering reported by the students assisted and to elucidate the importance of clinical listening in the academic field. The recurrent aspects that emerged during the consultations and were present in the discussion of cases during the supervisions with the mentor teacher were analysed. Of the total of 24 students attended, the main symptomatological complaints of the participants were anxiety crises, symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation. We sought to make a parallel between academic and emotional difficulties, and the subjective implication of UFRJ students. In addition, the issue of suicide was also highlighted as the greatest clinical challenge by trainees in care. It was found that psychological assistance for students within the academic space is of huge importance, for the provision of a careful listening is also a kind of integral reception.
Informe de experiencia académica de tres pasantes de licenciatura en Psicología en la Universidad Federal de Río de Janeiro (UFRJ) en atención psicológica a estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo es resaltar los principales problemas del sufrimiento psicológico reportados por los estudiantes atendidos y dilucidar la importancia de la escucha clínica en el ámbito académico. Se analizaron aspectos recurrentes que surgieron durante las consultas y presentes en las discusiones de casos durante las supervisiones con el profesor guía. Del total de 24 estudiantes atendidos, las principales quejas sintomáticas de los participantes fueron crisis de ansiedad, síntomas de depresión e ideación suicida. Se buscó establecer un paralelismo entre las dificultades académicas y emocionales con la participación subjetiva de los estudiantes en UFRJ. Además, también se destacó el tema del suicidio como el mayor desafío clínico al que se enfrentan los internos en las consultas. En conclusión, se verificó la importancia del cuidado psicológico para los estudiantes dentro del espacio académico, ya que este lugar de escucha es también una forma de acogida integral para el estudiante.
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Humans , Male , Female , Student Health Services , Students , Universities , Mental Health , Mental Health Assistance , Psychological Distress , Anxiety , Psychoanalytic Theory , Brazil , Qualitative Research , Depression , Suicidal IdeationABSTRACT
Objective @#To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for human papillomavirus ( HPV ) vaccine hesitancy among female university students based on the precaution adoption process model (PAPM), so as to provide the evidence for improving the coverage of HPV vaccine in this population. @*Methods @#HPV vaccine hesitant female students were selected using a cluster sampling method from Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, and randomly assigned to the PAPM group and control group. Students in the PAPM group received PAPM-based interventions for HPV vaccine hesitancy, while students in the control group were given routine interventions. The HPV-related knowledge, HPV vaccine-related knowledge and HPV vaccine hesitancy scores were collected from both groups prior to interventions ( T0 ), 0 ( T1 ), 1 ( T2 ) and 3 months post-interventions ( T3 ), and the effectiveness of interventions was evaluated using analysis of variance for repeated measures.@*Results @#There were 147 students in the PAPM group and 141 students in the control group. In the PAPM group, 36.73% of the students majored in medical sciences, and 48.23% were freshmen; in the control group, 39.72% majored in medical sciences, and 50.35% were freshmen. The mean scores of HPV- and HPV vaccine-related knowledge were significantly greater in the PAPM group than in the control group, respectively ( T1, 5.29 vs. 4.91; T2, 4.27 vs. 4.22; T3, 4.22 vs. 4.04; P<0.05 ); however, no significant differences were detected in the HPV vaccine hesitancy scores between the two groups, respectively ( T1, 2.98 vs. 2.95; T2, 3.07 vs. 3.07; T3, 3.08 vs. 2.97; P>0.05 ). The mean scores of the confidence dimension ( T1, 3.37 vs. 3.23; T2, 3.48 vs. 3.40; T3, 3.38 vs. 3.25 ) and the dimension of influence by others ( T1, 3.44 vs. 3.33; T2, 3.42 vs. 3.37; T3, 3.46 vs. 3.27 ) were significantly greater in the PAPM group than in the control group (P<0.05), while the mean scores of the complacency dimension were significantly lower in the PAPM group than in the control group ( T1, 1.98 vs. 2.03; T2, 2.06 vs. 2.20; T3, 2.18 vs. 2.15; P<0.05 ).@*Conclusions @#PAPM-based interventions for HPV vaccine hesitancy may effectively improve the awareness of HPV and HPV vaccines, reduce complacency, and enhance the influence by others among female university students.
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Objective@# To investigate the AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and practice among university students in a pilot site of AIDS health education in Zhoushan City, so as to provide the reference for AIDS health education in universities.@*Methods@#University students were recruited from Zhejiang Ocean University using a stratified cluster sampling method in 2018 and 2020, and the AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and practice were collected using a questionnaire survey. @*Results@#A total of 2 862 and 2 850 students were surveyed in 2018 and 2020, including 1 429 ( 49.93% ) and 1 414 ( 49.61% ) male students, respectively. The overall awareness of AIDS-related knowledge was 86.62% and 94.11% in 2018 and 2020, respectively. There were 544 ( 19.01% ) and 394 ( 13.82% ) students that were in favor of one-night stand, 308 ( 10.76% ) and 198 ( 6.95% ) students that were in favor of commercial sexual behaviors, and there were 59 ( 2.06% ) and 34 ( 1.19% ) students that had casual sexual behaviors within one year, and 20 ( 0.70% ) and 8 students ( 0.28% ) with commercial sexual behaviors within one year. There was a significant difference in the awareness of AIDS-related knowledge among students with different years at the university ( P<0.05 ). The lowest awareness of AIDS-related knowledge was seen in freshmen in 2018 ( 81.74% ), and the highest awareness was found in freshmen in 2020 (97.17% ). The proportions of being in favor of one-night stand ( 2018: 31.35% vs. 6.70%; 2020: 22.07% vs. 5.71%; P<0.05 ), being in favor of commercial sexual behaviors ( 2018: 19.91% vs. 2.23%; 2020: 12.09% vs. 1.88%; P<0.05), having casual sexual behaviors within one year (2018: 3.71% vs. 0.42%; 2020: 2.19% vs. 0.21%; P<0.05), and having commercial sexual behaviors within one year ( 2018: 1.33% vs. 0.07%; 2020: 0.50% vs. 0.07%; P<0.05 ) were significantly greater in male students than in female students.@*Conclusions@#The pilot AIDS health education is effective to increase the awareness of AIDS-related knowledge, possess the correct attitudes towards sexual behaviors and reduce high-risk sex behaviors among university students in Zhoushan City. Intensified AIDS health education is recommended among senior and male university students.
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Objective@#To investigate the status of hair loss and analyze the influencing factors among university students in Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into the management of hair loss among university students.@*Methods@#University students were recruited using a convenient sampling method from 4 universities in Hangzhou City in June 2021. The basic characteristics and life styles were collected using online questionnaire surveys. Self-reported hair loss was evaluated using the grading scales for loss of hair (Hamilton-Norwood scale for males and modified Ludwig scale for females), and factors affecting self-reported hair loss were identified among university students using the multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#A total of 1 060 questionnaires were allocated, and 1 038 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.92%. The respondents included 391 males ( 37.67% ) and 647 females ( 62.33% ), and 463 respondents ( 44.61% ) reported hair loss, including 431 students with mild hair loss ( 93.09% ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that university students in their fourth or fifth years ( OR=1.721, 95%CI: 1.126-2.630 ), art specialty ( OR=0.411, 95%CI: 0.207-0.816 ), overweight or obesity (OR=1.685, 95%CI: 1.050-2.704), diet taste ( sweet: OR=2.131, 95%CI: 1.370-3.316; spicy: OR=1.510, 95%CI: 1.028-2.218; greasy: OR=3.023, 95%CI: 2.015-4.537 ), feeling nervous/anxious (occasionally: OR=1.891, 95%CI: 1.087-3.289; frequently: OR=2.487, 95%CI: 1.337-4.626 ), smoking ( occasionally: OR=1.906, 95%CI: 1.067-3.405; frequently: OR=1.983, 95%CI: 1.050-3.746), family history of hair loss ( OR=1.506, 95%CI: 1.075-2.110 ), perming/dyeing hair ( occasionally: OR=1.795, 95%CI: 1.280-2.517; frequently: OR=3.282, 95%CI: 1.736-6.204), self-perceived oily hair/scalp in the past three months (slightly increased: OR=1.980, 95%CI: 1.477-2.653; significantly increased: OR=5.347, 95%CI: 2.956-9.670) were factors affecting self-reported hair loss among university students.@*Conclusion@#The proportion of self-reported hair loss was 44.61% among university students in Hangzhou City, and hair loss was predominantly mild. A family history of hair loss, nervousness/anxiety, diet habits, smoking and frequency of perm/dyeing hair may affect hair loss among university students.
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Objective@#To investigate the awareness of knowledge about HPV infections and the willingness to HPV vaccination among male university students in Tongzhou District, Beijing Municipality, so as to provide insights into the formulation of the HPV vaccination strategy among males.@*Methods@#A total of 997 male university students in Tongzhou District were selected as the study subjects using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method, and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the awareness of HPV infections and HPV vaccine, and willingness to HPV vaccination. In addition, the factors affecting the willingness to HPV vaccination were identified. @*Results@#A total of 935 subjects were enrolled, with a mean age of (19.08±1.38) years, and there were 570 subjects with a Beijing household registration (60.96%). Among the 313 male university students that had heard of HPV, the awareness of HPV and HPV-related diseases was 59.42%, and among the 300 male university students that had heard of HPV vaccines, the awareness of HPV vaccines was 75.33%. The willingness to HPV vaccination was 38.50%, and the willingness was high among male university students with a non-Beijing household registration ( χ2=3.971, P=0.046 ), high household annual income ( χ2trend=6.219, P=0.013 ), short distance to vaccination clinics ( χ2=19.238, P<0.001 ), having heard of HPV ( χ2=11.188, P=0.001 ), having heard of HPV vaccine ( χ2=14.548, P<0.001 ), awareness of HPV and related diseases ( χ2=16.855, P<0.001 ) and awareness of HPV vaccine ( χ2=19.299, P<0.001 ).@*Conclusions@#The awareness of HPV and HPV vaccines and the willingness to HPV vaccination are low among male university students in Tongzhou District. Improving the correct recognition of HPV and HPV vaccines and the access to vaccination services are helpful to improve the willingness to HPV vaccination among male university students.
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Abstract Introduction COVID-19 has trickle-down psychological effects on multiple strata of society, particularly university students. Apart from the worry of contracting or spreading COVID-19, Malaysian university students were also locked down on their campuses, suffering significant psychological distress. Hence, an online mindfulness intervention was proposed to alleviate psychological distress and improve psychological flexibility and mindfulness. Methods This was a quasi-experimental study with university students as participants. Intervention group participants were instructed to complete online questionnaires which covered basic demographics and instruments assessing depression, anxiety, stress, mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and fear of COVID-19 before and after the one-hour intervention. The control group also completed before and after questionnaires and were subsequently crossed over to the intervention group. Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to assess time*group effects. Results 118 participants were involved in this study. There were significant differences in anxiety (F(1,116) = 34.361, p < 0.001, partial eta-squared = 0.229) and psychological flexibility between the two groups (F(1,116) = 11.010, p = 0.001, partial eta-squared = 0.087), while there were no differences in depression, stress, mindfulness, or fear of COVID-19. Conclusion The results of this study corroborate the efficacy of online single-session mindfulness therapy as a viable short-term psychological intervention under financial and time constraints. Since university students are in the age group with the highest incidence of depressive and anxiety disorders, it is crucial to utilize resources to address as many students as possible to ensure maximum benefit.
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@#Introduction: Food craving was one of the common symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among women. This study aimed to examine level of food craving during pre-menstruation and PMS symptoms; its association and predictor of PMS symptoms on food craving during pre-menstruation among university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among female undergraduate students from International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Campus. Screening phase for eligibility was conducted. Three questionnaires consisted of Health History Questionnaire, Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait-reduced and Premenstrual Tension Syndrome Rating Scale were distributed among eligible students. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression were performed using SPSS version 22.0. P value was set at p<0.05 as statistically significant. Results: 129 students were eligible as study respondents. A total of 48% of the respondents showed clinically relevant traits of food craving. The highest food craving among respondents were sweet foods (45.7%) followed by fatty (18.6%), spicy (10.9%), salty (8.5%) and sour (2.3%) food. 60% respondents had moderate to severe PMS symptoms level. There was a significant association between food craving and PMS symptoms (p=0.001). PMS symptoms significantly predicted food craving (p=0.002). Conclusion: This study is at the forefront in reporting food craving and PMS symptoms among undergraduate students which were prevalent during pre-menstruation. Food craving was significantly associated with PMS symptoms. This research provides further insight related to food craving among women particularly the role of PMS symptoms as predictor. Strategies in preventing substantial calories intake during pre-menstruation is therefore required in this population.
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El propósito de este estudio fue determinar las diferencias en el rendimiento de las habilidades cognitivas entre 25 consumidores de cigarrillo y 25 consumidores de cannabis de 18 a 30 años (ambos grupos corresponden a estudiantes universitarios) y correlacionar su desempeño con el tiempo y frecuencia de consumo. Este estudio de tipo cuantitativo, no experimental- transversal, cuyo alcance fue descriptivo, comparativo y correlacional, evidenció que los consumidores de cannabis presentaron resultados significativamente menores en cada una de las habilidades cognitivas, especialmente en las funciones ejecutivas, siendo la habilidad que presentó peor desempeño en ambos grupos. Por otro lado, la habilidad que presenta una menor brecha entre los grupos es el lenguaje, habilidad que mostró tener un mejor rendimiento en los consumidores de marihuana en comparación con las demás habilidades. A pesar de los hallazgos, no fue posible establecer la relación entre el déficit de dichas habilidades y el tiempo y la frecuencia de consumo en ningún grupo debido a que la muestra estaba constituida por consumidores recientes. Se concluye que ambos tipos de consumo influyen en el déficit de las habilidades cognitivas a corto plazo, por lo cual es importante que equipos multidisciplinarios de profesionales especializados en el área de la salud consideren acciones de prevención e intervención en aquellos pacientes jóvenes que abusan del consumo tanto de sustancias lícitas como ilícitas con el fin de minimizar los efectos tanto en la salud física como en la cognitiva en la edad adulta.
The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the performance of cognitive abilities between 25 cigarette and 25 cannabis smokers who were 18 to 30 years old (both groups correspond to university students) and to correlate their cognitive performance with time and frequency of consumption. This quantitative, non-experimental-transversal study, whose scope was descriptive, comparative and correlational, evidenced that cannabis smokers had significantly lower results in each cognitive ability, especially in executive functions, being the skill that presented the worst performance in both groups. On the other hand, the skill that presents the smallest gap between the groups is language, a skill that showed better performance in marijuana users, compared to the other skills. Despite the finding, it was not possible to establish the relationship between the deficit of these skills and the time and frequency of use in any group because the sample consisted of recent users. It is concluded that both types of consumption influence the deficit of cognitive skills in the short term, and for that reason is very important that multidisciplinary teams of professionals specialized in health area consider prevention and intervention actions in those young patients who abuse consumption of licit or illicit substances in order to minimize the effects on physical and cognitive health in adulthood.
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Students , Cannabis , Smokers , Aptitude , Physics , Societies , Time , Universities , Health , Executive Function , Tobacco ProductsABSTRACT
Resumo: Introdução: A aprovação no curso de Medicina traz consigo a euforia e, por vezes, associa-se a grandes mudanças no dia a dia dos alunos. Essas mudanças estão relacionadas a momentos de medo, sofrimento e adaptação. Os programas de mentoria surgem como espaços importantes de cuidado que oferecem acolhimento e suporte às vivências dos alunos, de modo a contribuir para o desenvolvimento pessoal e acadêmico deles. Relato de experiência: Diante da necessidade de adaptar o ensino presencial ao modelo remoto, em detrimento da pandemia de Covid-19, o programa de mentoria da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte investiu na realização de atividades on-line, protagonizadas por monitores denominados mentores juniores. Essas atividades se valeram do potencial das mídias sociais, por meio das plataformas de videoconferência, além de interações nas redes sociais, para realizar os encontros e promover a manutenção do vínculo, bem como proporcionar um espaço de acolhimento e integração entre estudantes e mentores. Discussão: A partir da realização de atividades remotas, alunos e mentores mostraram-se muito participativos e satisfeitos. A atuação dos mentores juniores na elaboração dessas atividades virtuais foi um importante diferencial, possibilitando o engajamento dos mais tímidos e daqueles que tinham dificuldade em cumprir os horários presenciais. Conclusão: Mediante a observação no desenvolvimento das atividades do programa e com base na avaliação dos alunos e mentores sobre o desempenho da mentoria no semestre remoto, considera-se que é de grande valia investir no potencial das mídias sociais para impulsionar as reuniões dos grupos de mentoria, garantir a manutenção do acolhimento e suporte aos alunos, bem como para estreitar os vínculos entre os participantes. Sob esse prisma, é necessário considerar a possibilidade de adotar um modelo misto no aperfeiçoamento do programa de mentoria.
Abstract: Introduction: Being accepted for medical school brings euphoria, and is sometimes associated to major changes in the student's daily life. These changes pertain to moments of fear, suffering and adaptation. The mentoring programs, therefore, appear as essential care spaces, offering welcoming and support to students, in order to contribute to their personal and academic development. Experience Report: Faced with the need to adapt from face-to-face teaching to the remote model, to help control the Covid-19 pandemic, the Mentoring program of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte invested in conducting online activities led by junior mentors. These activities took advantage of the potential of social media, through video conferencing platforms, in addition to interactions on social networks, to hold the meetings and maintain the link, as well as providing a space for welcoming and integrating students and mentors. Discussion: In relation to the remote activities, students and mentors were found to be very participative and satisfied. The role of junior mentors in developing these virtual activities was an important differential, enabling the engagement of the most timid and those who had difficulty in meeting the face-to-face schedules. Conclusion: Through observation during the development of the program activities, and based on the evaluation of students and mentors on the performance of mentoring in the remote semester, the conclusion is drawn that it is important to invest in the potential of social media to boost mentoring group meetings, ensure that the students are offered reception and support, and to strengthen the bonds with the participants. In light of this, it is necessary to consider the possibility of adopting a mixed teaching model to improve the mentoring program.
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Humans , Education, Distance/methods , Education, Medical/methods , Social Media , Mentoring/methods , COVID-19 , Schools, Medical , MentorsABSTRACT
Objectives: To assess the relationship between screen times and sleep quality of the age group 17-24. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted on students of Colleges and universities in Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town Karachi. A total of 600 undergraduate students were approached in colleges and universities of Gulshan Town, Karachi. The sampling technique was Multi Staged sampling. The research instrument comprised of 3 parts i) Demographic profile, ii) Sleep quality measures and iii) Screen time usage measures. Results: The mean total hour of sleep was 6.7 ± 1.5. The Mean Cumulative score of the components of the questionnaire was 7.47 ± 3.56, while 174 (29%) have Normal Sleep quality and 426 (71%) have poor sleep according to the questionnaire. The odds ratio suggests there were 4.23 times higher chances of poor sleep quality in students whose screen time was more than 2 hours on weekdays as compared to other students. (OR: 4.23, 95% CI: 2.66-6.72). The odds ratio suggests there were 24.15 times higher chances of poor sleep quality in students whose screen time was more than 2 hours on weekends as compared to other students (OR: 24.15, 95% CI: 11.192-52.11). Conclusion: As, negative impacts were determined within sleep quality, and increased screen watching of multiple versions of the devices (screen time), influencing the commended level of screen watching among university and college students (age 17-24) is an affair of public health.
Objetivos: Avaliar a relação entre o tempo de tela e a qualidade do sono de estudantes universitarios na faixa etária de 17 a 24 anos. Metodologia: Este é um estudo transversal. O estudo foi realizado em estudantes de faculdades e universidades em Gulshan-e-Iqbal Town Karachi. Um total de 600 alunos de graduação foram abordados nessas instituicoes. A técnica de amostragem foi a amostragem Multi Staged. O instrumento de pesquisa compreendeu 3 partes i) Perfil demográfico, ii) Medidas de qualidade do sono e iii) Medidas de uso do tempo de tela. Resultados: A média de horas totais de sono foi de 6,7 ± 1,5. A pontuação média cumulativa dos componentes do questionário foi de 7,47 ± 3,56, sendo 174 (29%) com qualidade de sono normal e 426 (71%) com sono ruim, de acordo com o questionário. O odds ratio sugere que houve 4,23 vezes mais chances de má qualidade do sono em alunos cujo tempo de tela era superior a 2 horas durante a semana, em comparação com outros alunos (OR: 4,23, IC 95%: 2,66-6,72). O odds ratio sugere que houve 24,15 vezes mais chances de má qualidade do sono em alunos cujo tempo de tela era superior a 2 horas nos finais de semana em comparação com outros alunos (OR: 24,15, IC 95%: 11,192-52,11). Conclusão: Como os impactos negativos foram determinados na qualidade do sono e aumento da visualização da tela de várias versões dos dispositivos (tempo de tela), influenciar o nível recomendado de visualização da tela entre universitários e estudantes universitários (idade 17-24) é uma questão de saúde pública.
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Screen Time , Research , Sleep , Students , Public HealthABSTRACT
Estudar Psicologia se constitui numa experiência psiquicamente mobilizadora. O processo formativo coloca estudantes, em sua maioria, ainda adolescentes, ou jovens, precocemente expostos a conteúdos acadêmicos diretamente ligados à subjetividade humana e a cenários de práticas que envolvem o encontro com a dor e angústia de existir e viver em sociedade. Neste contexto, o estudante é atravessado por experiências que podem vir a afetar a sua saúde mental e promover sofrimento psíquico. O presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar a vivência acadêmica e seu impacto na saúde mental de uma estudante universitária, a partir de uma narrativa autobiográfica. A narrativa autobiográfica é uma técnica de construção de narrativa científica que a partir de um mergulho interior, relata um processo de elaboração da vivência que resulta numa teorização sobre uma experiência em estudo e realiza-se como prática transformar para conhecer. Assim, a pesquisa descreve os atravessamentos subjetivos de uma jovem estudante de Psicologia de uma instituição privada de ensino superior. Propõe-se a articular a experiência à teoria e analisa alguns efeitos da formação profissional e da constituição de identidade da estudante. A partir do relato, destaca-se a importância da garantia de espaços de fala e de cuidado no âmbito da formação em Psicologia, além do desenvolvimento de ações que acolham o sofrimento do mesmo.
Studying psychology is a psychically mobilizing experience. The formative process places students, most of them, still adolescents, or young people, early exposed to academic contents directly linked to human subjectivity and to practical scenarios that involve encountering the pain and anguish of existing and living in society. Consequently, the student is exposed to situations that may affect their mental health and trigger psychological distress. The present study is an autobiographical narrative guided by cartography that has the primary outcome of reporting the academic experience of a university student and the impact of this journey on her mental health. The use of cartography allows writing to be used as a strategy of self-development to promote selfawareness by enabling the subjective study of the being. Herein, this study analyzes the effect of the academic exposure on the student's professional formation and identity construction. In this context, it is paramount to ensure selfcare, open communication environments and development of coping strategies to assist on the students suffering during the process of training in psychology.